2005年4月16日 星期六

特納 改善管理架構 對症下藥

■ 湯淑君
掌管世界最大棧板供應公司布萊堡工業集團(Brambles),特納(David Turner)每年必須在雪梨、倫敦與紐約總部來回奔波十餘趟,每次總得耗上七天調整時差,恢復正常作息,但他表示「樂此不疲」。
這位會計師出身的執行長面臨的挑戰豈只是環球出差。
2003年10月特納走馬上任,接替轉任香港地鐵公司行政總裁的周松崗爵士(Sir C. K. Chow),成為布萊堡執行長。
只是特納接棒時機不巧,遭逢布萊堡的多事之秋。前一年在砲聲隆隆的股東會上,小股東對公司發布獲利警訊怒不可遏,揚言要高階主管滾蛋。特納深知,只有不到一年的時間可扭轉頹勢。
布萊堡工業集團2001年由澳洲布萊堡集團與英國GKN工業集團合併而成。合併之初,喧騰一時的1,400萬個棧板遺失案仍餘波盪漾。
棧板是布萊堡的核心產品,看來不起眼,卻是全球供應鏈不可或缺之物,用來把食物與貨物從製造廠運往零售店。布萊堡旗下的Chep棧板部門擁有2億3,900萬個木棧板平台,租給沃爾瑪百貨(Wal-Mart)、家得寶(Home Depot)、寶鹼(P&G)等公司。
那批棧板全是顯眼的藍色,但還是有大批棧板在歐洲不知去向,特別是在偏遠地區,因為當地零售業者懶得歸還,而Chep若主動取回則不符成本效益。更糟的是,Chep在歐洲各國的管理架構不一,取回在他國用的棧板是一筆開銷。
如今,特納在Chep實施一套通行歐洲的管理模式,以加強控制。特納說,Chep並制定訂價制度,客戶若選擇把小量棧板運往偏遠地區,須多付一筆回收費。儘管有些客戶不悅,但特納相信,新作法已解決棧板「閒置未用」的問題。2004年Chep的業績創下幾近年來最佳紀錄。Chep為集團貢獻約60%的盈餘,該部門銷售暢旺,激勵布萊堡集團本會計年度上半年淨利激增71%。布萊堡集團旗下另含廢物處理、文件儲存和重工業支援服務等事業。
特納說,業績回升的一大因素,是落實「布萊堡附加價值」概念。此概念脫胎自經濟附加價值概念,以盈餘減掉資本成本來衡量績效,作為投資評估、績效報告和犒賞經理人員的依據。
他說:「目標是確定經理人員有足夠的動機,把使用的資本列入經營成本。」特納認為,這對Chep的棧板生意尤其重要,因為該部門營收成長可觀,但對所擁有的棧板數量不夠重視,「我們必須加以控制」。
整頓布萊堡最難的部分,是改造管理結構。特納說:「我認為,這三年來布萊堡經歷兩階段。」第一階段是建立並實施檢查與衡量制度。但那需要掌控全局,因此,為Chep建立統籌全球業務的管理架構,一改昔日以國別為基礎的架構,或許是有效的方式。
然而,調整後,特納發現需要不同的安排,問題出在「布萊堡集團、Chep公司及其全球辦事處之間的任務重疊性日增」。因此,Chep的管理架構進一步改組,分成美洲部與世界其他地區兩大部門,兩區的負責人直接聽令於特納。
如何從澳洲總部掌管在42國僱有3萬名員工的龐大集團?特納說,勤於出差和時時溝通是關鍵。他說:「最大的挑戰,是開一場串聯美國、歐洲、澳洲三地的會議,因為總有人必須半夜起床。但我們辦到了。」(綜合外電)
【2005/04/16 經濟日報】

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